# Fructose: Substrate, Stimulus, or Both?

> **NCT04168372** · NA · ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING · sponsor: **Touro University, California** · enrollment: 35 (actual)

## Conditions studied

- Insulin Resistance
- Insulin Sensitivity
- Pre Diabetes

## Interventions

- **OTHER:** High fructose, fructose labeled meal
- **OTHER:** High fructose, pyruvate labeled meal
- **OTHER:** Low fructose, fructose labeled meal
- **OTHER:** Low fructose, pyruvate labeled meal

## Key facts

- **NCT ID:** NCT04168372
- **Lead sponsor:** Touro University, California
- **Sponsor class:** OTHER
- **Phase:** NA
- **Study type:** INTERVENTIONAL
- **Status:** ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
- **Start date:** 2019-09-15
- **Primary completion:** 2026-05-31
- **Final completion:** 2026-12-20
- **Target enrollment:** 35 (ACTUAL)
- **Last updated:** 2026-04-24


## Primary source

ClinicalTrials.gov registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04168372

## Citation

> US National Library of Medicine, ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT04168372, "Fructose: Substrate, Stimulus, or Both?". Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-28 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/clinical/NCT04168372. Licensed CC0.

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*[Clinical trials dataset](/datasets/clinical-trials) · CC0 1.0*