The Department of Energy (DOE) is amending its primary standards for occupational radiation protection. This final rule is the culmination of a systematic analysis to identify the elements of a comprehensive radiation protection program and determine those elements of such a program that should be codified as DOE continues its transition from a system of contractually-based nuclear safety standards to regulatory-based requirements. The final rule codifies requirements previously established in DOE's contractually-based standards, clarifies certain issues identified during implementation of programs to ensure compliance with the original rule, and corrects minor errors.