Region IX referred the Kohler Co. case to the Department of Justice regarding alleged violations of the Clean Air Act. The case was originally referred from OECA to Region IX in November 2016. Specifically, Kohler manufactured and sold approximately seven million small, non-road spark ignition engines that failed to comply with the applicable certification requirements set forth in 40 C.F.R. Part 1054, submitted false or incomplete information to the EPA, and equipped approximately 180,000 of its engines with a defeat device that significantly reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides during certification testing when compared to real-world operation. The case is a joint enforcement partnership between Region IX and California Air Resources Board.