This case involves the manufacture or sale of 430 emission control defeat devices by Valley Performance Distributors, LLC (VPD), a seller of aftermarket automotive parts specializing in diesel-powered trucks.
The defeat devices sold by VPD included defeat tuning products (commonly referred to as tuners and tunes )--aftermarket electronic control module programmers which allow bypass, deactivation or deletion of vehicle emissions control devices--and EGR delete parts, which are aftermarket parts that physically remove or bypass the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in a motor vehicle's exhaust system.
Products similar to those sold by VPD have been shown to increase the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted by the vehicle by as much as 4,000 % over the 0.2 g/mi standard. It is likely that the use of products sold by VPD resulted in material increases in NOx, CO, NMHC, and PM over baseline.
The CAA aims to reduce emissions from mobile sources of air pollution, including CO, NOx, NMHC, and PM. Mobile sources is a term used to describe a wide variety of vehicles, engines, and equipment that generate air pollution and that move, or can be moved, from place to place. Mobile sources of air pollution contribute approximately 73% of the nation's CO emissions and 58% of the nation's NOx emissions.
These pollutants pose significant health and environmental concerns. CO is a poisonous gas that forms when carbon in fuel does not burn completely. CO is harmful because it reduces oxygen