The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) is issuing a final determination that the Hood Canal summer-run chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and Columbia River chum salmon Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) are threatened species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended. Fish in the Hood Canal summer- run chum salmon ESU spawn in several tributaries to Hood Canal and Discovery, Sequim, and Dungeness Bays, Washington, while those in the Columbia River chum salmon ESU spawn in tributaries to the lower Columbia River in Washington and Oregon. In both ESUs only naturally spawned chum salmon residing below impassable natural barriers (e.g., long-standing, natural waterfalls) are listed. NMFS has examined the relationship between hatchery and natural populations of chum salmon in each ESU and determined that none of the hatchery populations are currently essential for recovery and, therefore, the hatchery populations (and their progeny) are not listed. NMFS will issue any protective regulations deemed necessary under section 4(d) of the ESA for the listed ESUs in a separate rulemaking. Even though NMFS does not now issue protective regulations for these ESUs, Federal agencies are required under section 7 of the ESA to consult with NMFS if any activity they authorize, fund, or carry out may affect listed chum salmon.