Project Summary Since the 22nd International AIDS Conference in Amsterdam in 2018, there has been an extraordinary array of promising advances across HIV science. Both the prevention and treatment cascades are likely to be transformed in coming years as these advances are refined and enter the clinic and HIV programs. Although we arguably have the necessary tools to end the epidemic, HIV incidence has been stagnant or, in some places, increasing, due to a number of primarily social determinants, including continued stigma and discrimination, regressive substance use policies, poverty, unstable housing, and intersectional stigmas including gender and race/ethnicity; as well as political fragility and population mobility. A global convening which brings together scientists, implementors, affected communities, governments and other stakeholders is urgently needed at this critical juncture. AIDS 2020 must also be a convening on accountability, to stake stock of why we have failed to achieve 2020 targets of declines in new infections, globally and in the United States, and why we continue to see too many AIDS deaths and persistent stigma and discrimination. AIDS 2020 will be held in San Francisco and Oakland, with an expected attendance of at least 20,000 HIV scientists, clinicians, policy makers, and civil society, community and private sector representatives. AIDS 2020 will facilitate urgently needed collaborations, highlighting the trajectories of specific epidemics and focusing on models of effective responses in different political and socio-economic contexts for debate and dissemination. The dual host cities of AIDS 2020 were chosen in part because these two cities demonstrate inequities in socio-economic determinants and now face different trajectories in their HIV epidemics, paralleling other settings within the United States and echoing inequities between the global North and South. The specific aims of AIDS 2020 are to: 1. Present the latest advances in HIV science across the many relevant disciplines in the field, with particular emphasis on advances in immunology and virology to help develop a safe and effective vaccine, on strategies to further the cure agenda; on safer HIV therapies with novel delivery platforms; and on managing co-infections and co-morbidities, especially as patients age. 2. Promote rights-based, evidence-informed, equitably funded HIV programming tailored to the needs of key and vulnerable communities living with HIV or at risk, including displaced populations, men who have sex with men, women and adolescent girls, people in prisons and other closed settings, people who use drugs, sex workers, indigenous populations, transgender people, children and youth. 3. Examine the impact of stigma, social injustice and social determinants of health on the HIV epidemic and analyze different local epidemics, particularly within North and Latin America, to strengthen the evidence base for innovation in access to healthcare ...