# Cannabis legalization and changes in young adult substance use, related health risk behaviors, and risk factors in Washington State: Within-state variation and the role of community-level factors

> **NIH NIH R01** · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 2020 · $285,868

## Abstract

ABSTRACT
Cannabis use among young adults is widespread and national studies indicate increases in recent years in
prevalence of cannabis use, including daily use. As of November 2018, 10 U.S. states and the District of
Columbia have legalized cannabis for non-medical (“recreational”) use for adults aged 21 and older.
Washington State was on the forefront of these changes, voting to approve legalization in 2012 and effectively
implementing the legislation two years later. Although a major argument for legalization was its potential to
decrease the human, social, and economic costs related to criminal justice involvement, an un-intended
detrimental consequence might involve its impact on cannabis and other substance use (SU). Importantly, the
impact of policy implementation may be felt differently across the state. Local jurisdictions in many
communities passed ordinances that impose restrictions on the cannabis market. Further, in municipalities
where no bans are in place, the geographic distribution of stores is uneven, with cannabis retail stores often
concentrating in socio-economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Research on the evaluation of the effects
of legalization on cannabis use is only in its infancy; little is known about the etiology of SU and related health
risk behaviors, such as driving while intoxicated, and the role of community- and individual level cannabis-
specific risk factors in the context of legalized cannabis. Moreover, it is unclear how relationships among use of
different substances may change during the course of implementation or developmentally. The salience of
known risk factors may also change during implementation, by context or over the course of young adulthood.
This project capitalizes on unique and rich data we collected with funding from the WA State Department of
Social and Health Services. The WA State Young Adult Health Survey (YAHS) is an accelerated longitudinal
cohort study of young adults ages 18-29 from 2014-2018 with the first data collection occurring before any
legal cannabis stores opened and additional cohorts added in each of the four subsequent years. The survey
data will be linked with a cannabis policy database that denotes local variation in cannabis context, including
regulations and restrictions on sales, and with data on density of stores and neighborhood disadvantage. This
project aims to examine effects of cannabis legalization on SU and related health risk behaviors among young
adults in WA State. We will also assess within-state variation in SU outcomes as it relates to community-level
factors such as city and county policy, cannabis and alcohol retail outlet availability, and neighborhood
disadvantage. Moreover, we will examine the trajectories of SU and their interplay over the course of young
adulthood and the role of the community-level factors in the etiology of young adult SU and related outcomes
in the context of legalized cannabis. Understanding these effects will inform (1...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10016285
- **Project number:** 5R01DA047996-02
- **Recipient organization:** UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
- **Principal Investigator:** Katarina Guttmannova
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2020
- **Award amount:** $285,868
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2019-09-15 → 2022-07-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10016285

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10016285, Cannabis legalization and changes in young adult substance use, related health risk behaviors, and risk factors in Washington State: Within-state variation and the role of community-level factors (5R01DA047996-02). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-23 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10016285. Licensed CC0.

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