PROJECT SUMMARY Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common form of primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the pediatric central nervous system (CNS). The standard treatment of MBs includes surgical resection, followed by chemo- or radiation treatments. Dissemination of cancer cells and subsequent metastasis is one of the major causes of treatment failure. Early identification of MB metastases is important in applying timely and proper follow-up treatment and improving outcome of MB patients. Current clinical methods for detection of MB metastases are: 1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spine, and 2) cytology or flow cytometry analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected through the lumbar puncture procedure. Neither method is sensitive enough for the early detection of metastases and well-tolerated by pediatric patients. More importantly, they are not easily accessible and available in low-resource areas. Without early detection, aggressively treating pediatric patients can lead to over-treatment caused CNS damage. Therefore, there is a critical need in highly sensitive and robust methods for detecting rare MB cells spread in CSF and blood, especially for patients having no or limited access to imaging and complicated hospital procedures. The goal of this phase I STTR project is to develop an ultra-sensitive liquid biopsy technology to capture MB cells in blood samples of MB patients, with the readout simply done with minimal training and resources. While various circulating cancer cells (CTCs) detection methods have been developed, sensitivity and specificity of current technologies are limited by the unwanted interactions between detecting systems and non-specific biomaterials and cells in blood samples, e.g., the formation of protein corona and adsorption of non-cancerous cells on the surface of cell capturing devices. Such biofouling effect not only attenuates the affinity of targeting ligands, causing loss of biomarker specificity, but also generates undesirable background, leading to inaccurate results. Consequently, there is no CTC detection method currently available to detect MB spread in the blood. This STTR project will address these problems with several patented technologies, including: (1) anti-biofouling coating polymer for reducing protein corona and non-specific cell uptake to improve biomarker targeting and specificity of cell capture, and (2) high magnetism magnetic iron oxide nanorods (IONRs) for efficient immuno-magnetic cell capturing. The project aims to: (1) develop and optimize an anti-biofouling ultra-magnetic IONR as a cell capturing agent; (2) determine and optimize the effectiveness of developed IONRs for capturing circulating GFP tagged MB cells in the blood of GFP transgenic MB mice; and (3) test the developed immuno-magnetic capturing technology for detecting MB cells in blood samples from patients with clinically confirmed MB metastases. If successful, proposed technology for early detection of MB metastas...