Project Summary This is a new application of the University of Colorado T32 postdoctoral training program in anesthesiology research. The broad objective of this training program is to provide training to MD postdoctoral fellows in clinical and basic science related to anesthesiology and perioperative medicine. We propose the training of one fellow per year who will spend 2 years cumulative time in research in one of the participating training faculty's laboratories or clinical research setting. We propose to recruit 2 fellows the first year to create a cohort and the opportunity for peer mentoring. In year 3 we will again recruit 2 fellows and recruit our final fellow in year 4, for a total of 5 fellows over the 5 year duration of the grant. The training faculty are from several departments within the University of Colorado System, including Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Cell & Molecular Biology, Emergency Medicine, Psychology and Neuroscience at CU Boulder. Research opportunities are offered by 21 NIH-funded faculty mentors, 9 of whom are in the department of Anesthesiology, with strong records of training postdoctoral fellows. The research opportunities are organized into three major research areas relevant to anesthesiology 1) Neuroscience, cell injury & repair and pain 2) Clinical and Translational Drug abuse and 3) Trauma, coagulation and cardiac physiology. We have developed a didactic program that will provide training in research methods, presentation skills (written and oral), grant writing and responsible conduct of research. In addition to our outstanding group of faculty mentors, we have an external scientific advisory committee and an executive committee that will assist the Program Directors in the selection of candidates and oversight of the training program. The specific aims/goals of the training program are: 1) Recruit outstanding anesthesiology postdoctoral fellows from a diverse background pulling from a local and national applicant pool. 2) To develop an outstanding training program using didactic and experiential training to provide scientific training and the practical skills needed to successfully compete for National funding and develop and independent research career in anesthesiology. 3) Assemble a group of faculty mentors that are not only highly successful scientists, but excellent mentors that help create a supportive mentoring environment that keeps postdoctoral fellows engaged, enthusiastic about research and moving forward towards their career goals of becoming leading academic anesthesiologists.