# Impact of Boarding School on Perceived Stress, Allostatic Load, and Resilience

> **NIH NIH P20** · UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA · 2021 · $211,498

## Abstract

ABSTRACT
American Indian boarding schools were compulsory and parental noncompliance penalized by withholding
food rations. The intent of boarding schools was the assimilation and eradication of American Indian identity
including but not limited to language, spirituality, dress, food, and mannerisms. Corporal punishment enforced
failure to follow school rules, for speaking tribal languages, and practicing cultural spiritually. Reports detail
serious health concerns including rampant disease, poor sanitation and living conditions, and lack of nutrition.
Research demonstrates early life experiences affect individuals their entire lives. The deleterious effects of
repeated stress in childhood leads to allostatic load in adulthood. The goal of this project is to determine
whether allostatic load is worse in American Indians who attended boarding school compared to those who did
not attend. For this cross-sectional study, 220 American Indians will be recruited, half boarding school
attenders and half non-attenders. The American Indian Chronic Disease Disparities model guides the inclusion
of control variables used in this study which will be collected through survey. Multiple methods of recruitment
will occur: flyers, newsletters/newspapers, radio announcements, and word of mouth. Study participants will be
American Indian, at least 52 years of age, and either attended boarding school or did not. Participants must be
able to collect urine samples on filter paper over one day which will be used to examine biomarkers of allostatic
load. Participants must not be taking hormones, DHEA, steroids, or have an adrenal dysfunction or disorder, or
currently have or have had adrenal caner or adrenal removal as these will confound biomarker readings.
The Specific Aims are as follows:
 Specific Aim 1: Determine the relationship between boarding school attendance and each of the
following control variables: ACEs, historical trauma, nutrition, mental health, and resilience.
Hypothesis: Compared to non-attenders, boarding school attenders will have worse ACEs, historical
 trauma and nutrition scores, and be more likely to have mental health conditions, and be less resilient.
 Specific Aim 2: Test whether boarding school attenders have more chronic stress (measured by
 AL) than non-attenders. Hypothesis: Boarding school attenders will have higher (worse) chronic stress
 scores as measured by AL than American Indian non-attenders.
The proposed project promises to advance our understanding of how boarding school attendance impacts
chronic stress in American Indians.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10091063
- **Project number:** 1P20GM139759-01
- **Recipient organization:** UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA
- **Principal Investigator:** Ursula A. Running Bear
- **Activity code:** P20 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2021
- **Award amount:** $211,498
- **Award type:** 1
- **Project period:** 2021-03-01 → 2026-02-28

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10091063

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10091063, Impact of Boarding School on Perceived Stress, Allostatic Load, and Resilience (1P20GM139759-01). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-22 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10091063. Licensed CC0.

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