The proposed randomized control trial will examine the efficacy of a brief behavioral treatment for reducing suicidal ideation and for increasing reasons for living in older Veterans at risk for suicide. Two common issues in older adults, functional disability and executive dysfunction, increase suicide risk and will be examined as moderators and mediators of treatment outcomes. The proposed study will examine Problem Solving Therapy (PST) using a protocol that teaches skills to address emotional and practical barriers to effective problem solving. The VA usual care practice of collaborative safety planning will be the control condition, herein referred to as enhanced usual care (EUC). For participant safety, Veterans enrolled in PST will also receive EUC. The study design is random assignment to the treatment, PST plus EUC, or the control condition, EUC only. Both the treatment and the control are evidence-based interventions delivered in six sessions. The study will occur at VA Palo Alto (primary site) and VA Syracuse/VA Canandaigua (secondary site). Longitudinal assessment of suicidal ideation and reasons for living will occur at eleven timepoints: baseline, after each of the six weekly treatment sessions, posttreatment (7 weeks), at 1-, 3-, and 6- month follow-up. The recruitment goal is 150 Veterans over a five-year period with 75 participants randomized to each treatment. Veterans must be 60 years or older, report suicide ideation, and meet diagnostic criteria for a depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and/or posttraumatic stress disorder to be eligible. Veterans will be excluded and referred for other services if they have psychotic symptoms, bipolar disorder, severe OCD, or elevated symptoms indicative of borderline personality disorder; an alcohol/substance use disorder; severe or unstable medical conditions; recent head injury (past year) or history of a head injury with loss of consciousness for 24 or more hours; terminal illness; positive cognitive screen indicative of possible dementia; or if they are unable to participate in the study or follow-up sessions. Recruitment will occur through multiple strategies at VA, Vet centers, and in the community to ensure the feasibility of recruiting a total of 75 Veterans at each site. To meet this recruitment goal, the primary and secondary site will each enroll 2 to 3 Veterans per month. Fidelity ratings of audiotaped treatment sessions will be made by independent raters on 20% of sessions. Mixed effects modeling will be used to estimate the effect of treatment versus the control for the outcomes of suicidal ideation and reasons for living. Models will covary for demographics, medical and psychiatric comorbidity, and psychotropic use. For the primary aim, models will determine whether PST plus EUC is associated with a larger treatment effect compared with EUC only for suicidal ideation and reasons for living. Secondary aims will determine if baseline functional disability and executive dys...