Project Summary The proposed supplement will study how stakeholders of implanted neural devices approach the issue of post-trial obligations towards participants and use this data to inform an expert consensus document to guide the field. At present, there is no clear ethical, legal, or policy guidance regarding what researchers should provide participants after a study ends. Participants face uncertainty about continued maintenance of their device or how to pay for removal if the system is not effective. Using discourse analysis, we will examine the issue of post-trial obligations in policy documents, academic literature, and interview data from diverse stakeholders of neural interface research – end-users, researchers, industry representatives, funders, and regulators. These interviews will attempt to understand what stakeholders feel is owed to research participants after a trial concludes, the challenges in providing such care, and the impact on the research enterprise for making such commitments. The empirical data will then be presented at a consensus building meeting that brings together stakeholders to collectively deliberate about post-trial topics. The aim of the workshop is to create consistent guidance for developers and funders of implanted neural devices.