Project Summary Significance: Health care systems around the world are increasingly utilizing the large amount of routinely collected digital health data for biomedical research. Critical care medicine is a data-rich environment and has been at the forefront of these efforts to utilize data science to improve health care. Although such activities are urgently needed, opportunities in health care data science are often not realized and questions persist about how it can be ethically implemented. Innovation: High-income countries have so far dominated the discussion over data science and AI. However, in an era of increasing global collaborative health research efforts, this imbalance is problematic and there is a need to better understand the attitudes and unique challenges LMICs have in relation to health care data science and AI. This project will make an important contribution toward this in critical care medicine. Furthermore, although there has been a rush to consider how AI applications can be developed and implemented in an ethical manner, most of the existing ethical guidance consists of a range of high-level ethical principles that are often not health care specific and published mainly by organizations in high-income countries. To ensure the ethical implementation of data science and AI in critical care, there is a need to understand the value stakeholders’ place in data science and AI, their awareness and use of existing ethical guidance for AI, the their needs around receiving practical ethical guidance. Approach: Using the interdisciplinary approach of empirical bioethics, this project will seek to examine how the ethical implementation of data science in critical care for biomedical research can be best achieved. It will first conduct an online survey with critical care centers and relevant professional societies from a sample of high-income countries and from a sample of LMICs, to inform and contextualize the ethical analysis. Using the analytic method of wide reflective equilibrium, it will then develop normative conclusions regarding how the implementation of data science in critical care for biomedical research can be improved. A road map for the ethical implementation of data science in critical care for biomedical research will be developed, and then discussed and refined at a workshop held at MIT.