# The effect of HIV exposure and infection on immunity to TB in children

> **NIH NIH R01** · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 2021 · $77,872

## Abstract

PROJECT SUMMARY:
TB contributes to substantial comorbidity among children with HIV infection or HIV exposure. Over one-third of
pediatric TB deaths in Africa were associated with HIV in 2018. TB-HIV co-treatment is vital to decrease mortality.
However, this co-treatment imposes serious management challenges, including high pill burden, drug toxicity,
drug-drug interaction, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), and potential consequences on
childhood growth, which is not well-characterized. The parent grant aimed to determine the impact of HIV
exposure and infection on anti-mycobacterial innate immune responses. This proposed Diversity Supplement
aims to determine the effects of TB treatment and prevention therapy on health outcomes and growth responses
in HIV infected and exposed children. The first aim of the proposed Diversity Supplement is to determine the
effects of TB co-treatment on virologic, immunologic, and growth response among children living with HIV
(CLHIV) newly initiating ART, for which we will use available data from the completed Pediatric Urgent Start of
Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) (PUSH) (NCT02063880), a randomized trial among CLHIV. HIV
exposed uninfected (HEU) children are at increased risk of Mtb infection and disease, and we recently completed
a clinical trial [Infant TB Infection Prevention Study (iTIPS) (NCT02613169)] to determine whether isoniazid
prophylaxis (IPT) decreases Mtb infection. The effect of IPT on the growth of children is not well characterized.
In the second aim of the proposed Diversity Supplement, we will determine the effect of IPT on infant growth
among HEU using data from the iTIPS trial. Research findings will inform strategies to optimize TB-HIV co-
treatment in CLHIV and will provide additional evidence regarding IPT safety in infancy.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10135662
- **Project number:** 3R01AI142647-03S1
- **Recipient organization:** UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
- **Principal Investigator:** Cheryl Liane Day
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2021
- **Award amount:** $77,872
- **Award type:** 3
- **Project period:** 2019-01-01 → 2022-12-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10135662

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10135662, The effect of HIV exposure and infection on immunity to TB in children (3R01AI142647-03S1). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-06-01 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10135662. Licensed CC0.

---

*[NIH grants dataset](/datasets/nih-grants) · CC0 1.0*