# Prenatal Opioid Exposure: Birth, health, socioeconomic, and educational outcomes of mothers and their children

> **NIH NIH R01** · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · 2021 · $440,137

## Abstract

Project Summary/Abstract
The rapid rise in prenatal exposure to prescription and other opioids over the last decade mirrors dramatic trends
in opioid use across the general population of the US. In some states nearly one in four pregnancies are exposed
to prescription opioids; 60-80% of affected pregnancies are Medicaid-covered. Moreover, the rise in maternal
opioid use disorder (OUD), prenatal opioid exposure, and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) appears to be
driving a substantial increase child protective services (CPS) involvement. However, the impact of prenatal opioid
exposure on pregnancy and child outcomes, independent of co-occurring factors, remains unclear. To address
this gap, we have assembled a multi-source longitudinal administrative birth cohort that links data for all ~800,000
live births across Wisconsin, including ~350,000 Medicaid-covered births, from 2007 to 2018. By linking data at
the individual-level, and updating each source of data annually, we can identify and track subsequent births
(siblings) and follow a growing cohort of mothers and their children as their lives unfold over more than a decade.
Our unique data support multilevel examination of individual factors, and the influence of health care and
community characteristics, that is needed to better understand and address the effects of the opioid epidemic
on women and their children. We will use regression-based and quasi-experimental methods, and geospatially
informed analyses, to examine outcomes and factors which may influence outcomes. Our specific aims are: 1)
Estimate the bounded annual prevalence of prenatal opioid exposure, including OUD and infant NAS, among all
Medicaid-covered births in Wisconsin from 2007-2018, and describe the characteristics of affected women,
families, and their communities, and changes therein over time; 2) Examine associations of prenatal opioid
exposure, including OUD and NAS, with behaviors and outcomes including a) adverse pregnancy and birth
outcomes; b) child maltreatment reports, substantiated reports, and foster care entries; and c) reproductive,
health, social, educational, and economic outcomes for mothers and children, spanning the prenatal period
through the first 8 years of the child’s life; 3) Investigate individual and community-level factors associated with
maternal participation in addiction treatment during the prenatal and postpartum periods, including type(s) of
treatment and treatment retention; and 4) Estimate plausibly causal effects of addiction treatment participation
on maternal and child wellbeing spanning the child’s birth through age 8 using a quasi-experimental design. This
research addresses the HHS 5-Point Strategy to Combat the Opioid Crisis, with a call for Better Data and
Better Research, and complements the research into the biological pathways and treatment strategies enabled
by the Trans NIH effort Helping to End Addiction Long-termSM (HEAL) Initiative.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10158505
- **Project number:** 5R01HD102125-02
- **Recipient organization:** UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
- **Principal Investigator:** Lawrence M Berger
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2021
- **Award amount:** $440,137
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2020-05-04 → 2025-04-30

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10158505

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10158505, Prenatal Opioid Exposure: Birth, health, socioeconomic, and educational outcomes of mothers and their children (5R01HD102125-02). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-22 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10158505. Licensed CC0.

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