# Heat-Treated Porous Fluorapatite Scaffolds with Adipose Derived Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

> **NIH VA I21** · VA SALT LAKE CITY HEALTHCARE SYSTEM · 2021 · —

## Abstract

Segmental bone loss due to high-energy trauma, such as battlefield injuries, are limb-threatening conditions, but
there are limited treatment options available. Conventional treatments include bone grafts, vascularized bone
transplant, and allografts. Bone repair using vascularized autografts is arguably the best current approach,
because the repair process will proceed with the patient’s own tissue and blood supply, which can be harvested
at the time of surgery. This eliminates many adverse outcomes associated with allografts and bioengineered
bone substitutes. However, donor autograft sites are limited, and thus, its supply cannot meet the demand. It
also requires a second surgical site, which could result in further comorbidities. Decellularized allografts
harvested from cadaveric sources have the advantage of being osteoconductive. However, they are associated
with risk of host rejection and accelerated graft resorption. Current bioengineered grafts focus on providing the
necessary matrix to support bone regeneration by providing biocompatible, bioresorbable, and porous scaffolds
made from materials such as hydroxyapatite, collagen and synthetic materials. It is now clear that bioengineered
grafts also need a reliable source of osteogenic progenitor cells as well as osteogenic signals to be effective
bone substitutes. To improve upon these initial designs, researchers made new scaffolds that integrated
extracellular matrix proteins or growth factors, typically bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), but with limited
success. Often the strength of the scaffolding remains the main hurdle for weight-bearing after surgery. To this
end, we fabricated a fully interconnecting porous fluorapatite (FA) scaffold by adopting a “gel-casting” process,
and then heat-treating to optimize the mechanical strength. As these surfaces are osteogenic, they also enhance
osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Interestingly, these scaffolds also possess the ability to
differentiate stem cells (adipose derive stem cells) to an osteogenic lineage without any osteogenic signals (e.g.
exogenous BMPs). More notably, the “gel-casting” technique allows custom fabrication of desired shapes and
sizes of rigid scaffoldings to fit individual defects. Thus, we hypothesize that FA scaffoldings seeded with a
patient’s own adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) stem cells will have the ability to
regenerate osseous tissue. This hypothesis will be tested in three aims. Specific Aim 1 will investigate the
mechanical, physical, and degradation properties of the porous fluorapatite scaffolds, which will be generated
by the gel-casting technique. Specific Aim 2 will quantify the in vitro adhesion and differentiation properties of
the SVF cells on porous FA surfaces. Specific Aim 3 will investigate the osteogenic potential of the FA scaffolding
with and without SVF in a rat femoral condyle model. It is expected that such combination treatment of SVF and
FA ...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10162333
- **Project number:** 5I21RX003328-02
- **Recipient organization:** VA SALT LAKE CITY HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
- **Principal Investigator:** Jayant Prasad Agarwal
- **Activity code:** I21 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** VA
- **Fiscal year:** 2021
- **Award amount:** —
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2020-05-01 → 2022-12-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10162333

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10162333, Heat-Treated Porous Fluorapatite Scaffolds with Adipose Derived Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration (5I21RX003328-02). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-24 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10162333. Licensed CC0.

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