Project Summary Over a hundred million of Americans suffer from chronic pain and over ten million of Americans suffer from alcohol abuse or dependence. There is a bidirectional relationship between chronic pain and alcohol dependence. Thus, alcohol dependence is a major predictor of severity of chronic pain, and people with chronic pain conditions are more likely to use alcohol for pain relief. Unfortunately, a mechanistic understanding of alcohol-related pain sensitivity is lacking. Our studies have identified increased pain sensitivity in mice during withdrawal from voluntary alcohol self-administration. Consumption of alcohol in these mice reversed mechanical hypersensitivity produced by alcohol withdrawal. The increased pain sensitivity in mice undergoing withdrawal is consistent with increased pain in alcohol-dependent patients. In addition, we found increased pain sensitivity in control “bystander” mice housed in the same room as mice undergoing alcohol withdrawal. The social transfer of hyperalgesia from mice undergoing withdrawal to the bystander mice involved olfactory cues. Such social transfer of hyperalgesia could affect "co-dependent" family members of alcoholic patients. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed differential activation of dorsomedial hypothalamus, anterior cingulate and anterior insular cortex in these animals. We hypothesize that the identified brain regions are differentially involved in alcohol withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia and socially-transferred hyperalgesia. The goal of this proposal is to address this hypothesis and further characterize the phenomena of alcohol withdrawal- and social transfer-induced hyperalgesia. This goal will be achieved in three Specific Aims: Aim 1 will further characterize the phenomenon of hyperalgesia in alcohol withdrawing and bystander mice by examining whether the observed thermal hyperalgesia is exaggerated in female bystander mice, involves negative affective states, anxiety or stress responses, or coexists with depression-like behaviors. Aim 2 will test whether alcohol-induced activation of neuronal populations within dorsomedial hypothalamus is necessary and sufficient for regulation of pain sensitivity and alcohol drinking behavior in mice. Aim 3 will test whether alcohol withdrawal and social transfer-induced activation of neurons of anterior cingulate and/or insula are necessary and sufficient for regulation of pain sensitivity.