# High-throughput identification of causal variants underlying cardiac arrhythmia-related GWAS hits

> **NIH NIH R01** · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · 2021 · $724,460

## Abstract

Project Summary
 Cardiac arrhythmias are a major clinical problem and can predispose to sudden cardiac death. Genome-
wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a growing number of sequence variants associated with cardiac
arrhythmias and related electrocardiogram (ECG) traits, but the majority of these GWAS hits fall within non-
coding regions and their functional effects are difficult to decipher. We hypothesize that the majority of functional
non-coding variants related to cardiac arrhythmias fall within cardiac cis-regulatory elements (CREs; i.e.,
enhancers/promoters), and exert their effects by disrupting transcription factor (TF) binding sites and thereby
altering the expression level of genes encoding cardiac proteins, especially ion channels and their regulators.
To identify causal variants underlying cardiac arrhythmia-related GWAS hits and to map arrhythmia-related
CREs, we propose to implement a technique called CRE-seq (Cis-Regulatory Element analysis by sequencing).
In CRE-seq, individual CREs are fused to reporter genes, each containing a unique DNA barcode. The resultant
CRE-reporter library, consisting of thousands of constructs, is introduced into living tissue, and reporter gene
expression is quantified by counting barcoded transcripts with RNA-seq. CRE-seq promises to greatly accelerate
our ability to measure the effects of cis-regulatory variants in cardiac disease. To achieve this goal, we propose
two Specific Aims. In Aim 1, we will use CRE-seq to identify causal cis-regulatory variants at all known GWAS
loci associated with cardiac arrhythmias and related traits. We will measure the cis-regulatory activity of
thousands of wild-type and variant CREs in mouse heart in vivo and in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes via
adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated CRE-seq library delivery. We will then evaluate the functional effects of
selected variants on TF binding using protein-microarrays containing all known human TFs. Lastly, we will
correlate the results of our CRE-seq analyses with cardiac eQTL data. In Aim 2, we will establish a template for
interpreting rare arrhythmia-related variants by mapping the location of human cardiac CREs and elucidating
their cis-regulatory logic. We will utilize a 'capture and clone' strategy for CRE-seq library construction, which
permits analysis of long (i.e., ~500 bp) tiled reporters at each locus. In this way, we will pinpoint essential TF
binding sites (TFBSs) which are the likely targets of rare functional variants. Next, we will use CRE-seq to analyze
the effects of introducing all possible single-nucleotide substitutions into identified TFBSs. As in Aim 1, we will
perform CRE-seq in both mouse heart and human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Taken together, these two
Aims will enable functional interpretation of both common and rare variants in individual human genomes and
thereby facilitate assessment of cardiac disease risk in patients.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10191029
- **Project number:** 5R01HL149961-02
- **Recipient organization:** WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
- **Principal Investigator:** JOSEPH CORBO
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2021
- **Award amount:** $724,460
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2020-07-01 → 2024-04-30

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10191029

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10191029, High-throughput identification of causal variants underlying cardiac arrhythmia-related GWAS hits (5R01HL149961-02). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-22 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10191029. Licensed CC0.

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