# Genetic-epigenetic and aging interactions at COVID- 19 host response loci in Down syndrome and mouse models

> **NIH NIH R01** · HACKENSACK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · 2020 · $696,828

## Abstract

The importance of the COVID-19 pandemic, with >3M cases and >130K deaths in the USA alone, cannot be
overstated. This highly contagious and too often lethal infection with SARS-CoV-2 has both severe acute
effects and longer-term adverse sequelae, and disease severity and death rates are strikingly higher in elderly
individuals. Pathogenesis and host responses to COVID-19 are still very much under investigation, but initial
hypotheses include roles for host cytokines, including pro-inflammatory IL-6 and Type I and III interferons
(IFNs), and S100-family proteins. Importantly, a group of IFN pathway genes are triplicated in people with
Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21), and other COVID-19 relevant genes, including S100B and TMPRSS2 are
also on chromosome 21. In addition, investigators seeking drug targets have pointed out the dependence of
the virus on the methyl donor (folate pathway; S-adenosylmethionine; SAM) status of host cells, and a group of
genes in this pathway are triplicated in DS. From research on COVID-19 in the general population, the genetic
background of the infected host is known to be important, with a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS)
revealing significant associations with single nucleotide polymorphism rs11385942 in chromosome band 3p21
and rs657152 at 9q34. At locus 3p21, the association signal spans the genes SLC6A20, LZTFL1, CCR9,
FYCO1, CXCR6 and XCR1, and it is not yet clear which is the most important gene, and which is the critical
genetic variant. How the presence of the extra chromosome 21 in DS might affect this important locus is a
critical issue, and we have preliminary data pointing to differences in DNA methylation in this region in DS vs.
control individuals. Importantly, an accurate mouse model of COVID-19 in the DS genetic background is
needed but has not yet been developed. Given these challenges, here we propose to localize COVID-19
related host genomic sequences that are epigenetically regulated and altered in immune cell types from DS vs
euploid individuals, to use allele-specific methylation mapping to pinpoint key regulatory elements in the 3p21
COVID-19 GWAS region, and ask whether these elements are epigenetically altered in DS. We will engineer
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletions in the differentially methylated sequences and measure the effects on
methylation patterns and regional gene expression. Building upon the progress of genetic engineering, we will
develop an experimentally tractable mouse model to ask whether COVID-19 infections are more severe in a
genetic background that accurately mimics human DS. In both the mouse model and our human biosamples
from DS and controls, we will quantitate the age-dependence of methylation of COVID-19 host response
genes. These fundamental studies, to be carried out in one year, will lay a crucial groundwork for subsequent
work using biosamples from DS individuals who have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, cohorts that are being
organized by our colleagues under separate ...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10221384
- **Project number:** 3R01HD090180-05S1
- **Recipient organization:** HACKENSACK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
- **Principal Investigator:** Benjamin Tycko
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2020
- **Award amount:** $696,828
- **Award type:** 3
- **Project period:** 2017-09-13 → 2022-06-30

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10221384

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10221384, Genetic-epigenetic and aging interactions at COVID- 19 host response loci in Down syndrome and mouse models (3R01HD090180-05S1). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-06-01 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10221384. Licensed CC0.

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