Description This application requests support for the 49th annual meeting of the ORS Musculoskeletal Biology Workshop, which has been held at Sun Valley, Idaho, for the past 20+ years. The 2021 Workshop will be held in Snowbird, Utah, from July 24-28. The Workshop was moved to the new location in response to feedback from attendees over the past several years, who expressed a desire to have the meeting at a venue that was less expensive and easier to get to. We have achieved both of those improvements with the new location. The conference itself will maintain the same spirit it has enjoyed for several decades: it emphasizes active participation of junior faculty and students; promotes interdisciplinary communication; and is unusual in that discussion time equals or exceeds time allotted for formal presentation. The goals of the Workshop are to (1) work toward a multidisciplinary basic and clinical synthesis of molecular, tissue and biomechanical processes in musculoskeletal tissues that help us to understand the pathogenesis of bone, muscle, and cartilage disease as well as its prevention and treatment; (2) apply basic science concepts to clinical problems; develop a dialogue between basic and clinical investigators that leads to interdisciplinary collaboration; (3) identify significant problems in musculoskeletal disease, and identify experimental approaches that provide solutions to them and (4) provide a forum for student training and the opportunity in a small group setting for junior scientists to talk with more senior scientists. A partnership between the Workshop and the Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) provides maximum visibility through broadcast emails and links on the ORS website. This year we continue our newly-instituted focus on problem solving, with the theme for the Workshop being “Musculoskeletal immunology and mechanotransduction: biology and disease from stem to senescent cells.” Six sessions address relevant and significant current problems, including next-generation musculoskeletal therapies focusing on senolytics and autologous/autogenous approaches, imaging of musculoskeletal tissues, osteoimmunology and mechanotransduction, and a focused session on osteocyte biology. Opportunities are provided for junior investigators to interact with more senior investigators. A Career Development Workshop specifically geared toward young investigators will be conducted. Nine ASBMR/Frost Young Investigator Awardees will present their work from the podium. Ten Jee Young Investigator Awardees, and up to five additional Jee Awards for under-represented minorities will be presented. Performance Site Snowbird, Utah Key Personnel Name Organization Role on Project Robling, Alexander G. Indiana University Workshop Co-Director, PI Bellido, Teresita University of Arkansas Workshop Co-Director, Co-I