# Choosing an Effective Healthcare Spokesperson: An Interactive Intervention

> **NIH NIH R21** · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR · 2021 · $202,725

## Abstract

Project Summary/Abstract
 Advance care planning (ACP) is the process of thinking through and articulating in advance one's
preferences for future medical care, and has long been promoted as a way for people to receive medical
treatment consistent with their values, goals, and preferences. Many experts consider the decision “Who will
make medical decisions for you if you couldn't speak for yourself?” to be the single most important component
of ACP. Even so, research has shown that surrogates often inaccurately represent patients' wishes –which
raises the question whether an intervention can help patients do a better job identifying spokespersons with
the qualities needed to accurately represent patients' wishes. Surprisingly, no interventions (to our knowledge)
have been explicitly designed to help people consider the actual qualities of their chosen spokesperson, much
less engage these spokespersons to confirm that they can accurately represent the patient's wishes.
 We developed a “serious game” intervention called “Who Would You Choose: Serious Fun” (WWYC) to
help people consider the key qualities healthcare spokespersons should have. The intervention uses a spinner,
cards, and dice, along with a smart-phone App to prompt players (using scenarios and metaphors) to choose a
spokesperson whose qualities are best suited to the role. Friendly competition is encouraged by having players
receive points for correct answers, and additional points for good explanations of their choices. At the end of
the game, players identify a real-life spokesperson based on the qualities considered during game-play. Then,
using an associated smart-phone App, the intervention will help spark communication between the player and
their chosen spokesperson.
The project has three specific aims:
Aim 1. To explore how playing the novel game Who Would You Choose affects people's choice of a
spokesperson. Using qualitative methods including focus groups and one-on-one interviews, we will explore
how WWYC affects individual players' thought process for choosing a spokesperson, and whether their choice
changes as a result of game-play.
Aim 2. To establish that WWYC is a feasible way to help individuals choose and engage a spokesperson. We
will judge it feasible if: 1) We can efficiently recruit 100 individuals to play the game; 2) >75% of game players
report that playing the game is helpful for choosing a spokesperson; 3) >75% of game players endorse the
game; 4) >75% of spokespersons engage with WWYC (using its online interface) following player request.
Aim 3. To integrate qualitative and quantitative data to explain how the experience of playing the game relates
to their spokesperson's willingness to engage. We hypothesize that a positive player experience with WWYC
will be associated with successful engagement with their spokesperson.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10238110
- **Project number:** 5R21NR019363-02
- **Recipient organization:** PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR
- **Principal Investigator:** Michael J. Green
- **Activity code:** R21 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2021
- **Award amount:** $202,725
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2020-08-14 → 2023-07-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10238110

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10238110, Choosing an Effective Healthcare Spokesperson: An Interactive Intervention (5R21NR019363-02). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-25 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10238110. Licensed CC0.

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