# Epigenetic Biomarkers of HIV-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Nigeria

> **NIH NIH U54** · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY · 2021 · $213,410

## Abstract

Project Summary 
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. In Nigeria, the approximate 
incidence of HCC is 15-20/100,000 persons is now the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men. 
HCC is emerging as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected persons. HIV infects over 3.4 
million people in Nigeria. As life expectancy with HIV improves, the incidence and prevalence of HCC will 
continue to increase making it a prominent non-AIDS defining cancer. HIV-positive HCC patients generally 
present at a much younger age and at a more advanced stage of disease and the course of disease is highly 
aggressive. Very few patients are able to benefit from curative or life prolonging therapies even when they are 
available and thus in a resource limited setting such as this, the need for novel biomarkers that can be used for 
early detection of HCC are an urgent priority. Detecting methylomic signatures in circulating cell-free DNA 
(cfDNA) extracted from serum/plasma has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach for the diagnosis, 
prognosis and monitoring of cancers. HCC tumors have been shown to exhibit distinct DNA methylation 
alterations associated with HCC initiation, progression and metastasis and thus indicate the potential for cfDNA 
methylation to serve as a valuable tool for early detection of HCC. The main objective of this study is to identify 
minimally invasive, blood-based methylomic markers by comparing blood DNA methylation patterns in HIV- 
infected and uninfected HCC patients and in HIV-positive but HCC-free patients in Nigeria. The high burden of 
HIV and HCC in Nigeria offers a rare opportunity to study epigenetic markers in a large number of patients with 
HCC and examine how expression may be influenced by HIV as well as other risk factors such as chronic HBV 
and HCV which are also endemic in this region. We will examine associations of these markers with clinico- 
pathologic and prognostic outcomes in HIV-positive HCC patients and explore these methylation signatures in a 
prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis (as determined by Fibroscan®) 
to examine their predictive value in HCC early detection.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10242891
- **Project number:** 5U54CA221205-05
- **Recipient organization:** NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
- **Principal Investigator:** Claudia A Hawkins
- **Activity code:** U54 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2021
- **Award amount:** $213,410
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2017-09-01 → 2023-08-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10242891

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10242891, Epigenetic Biomarkers of HIV-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Nigeria (5U54CA221205-05). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-21 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10242891. Licensed CC0.

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