Project Description: The pathophysiology of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) involves the initial physical impact, which leads to secondary injury cascades of degenerative cellular and molecular events. The secondary injury spreads along the spinal cord over time, which adds new levels of disability and has devastating effects. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation at the impact site is an important component of these secondary injury cascades. Neupron™ is patented polymeric nanoparticle composition encapsulating antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, with high catalytic activity to neutralize ROS. The preliminary data demonstrated efficacy of Neupron following intravenous injection at 3 hrs after the injury in a rat contusion model of SCI. The treatment neutralized the excess ROS formed after the injury, significantly inhibited the progression of secondary injury, and regained locomotive functions. AxoNeural Therapeutics, Inc., is a new spin off company of Cleveland Clinic Innovation. The goal is to develop Neupron as an early therapeutic intervention to protect the spinal cord from secondary injury and promote regeneration. Such an effective early intervention can minimize severity of the post-injury disability and enhances the prospects of achieving better neurological and functional recovery. Through the R41 STTR Phase I grant, the main objective is to undertake critical formulation development of Neupron. The successful outcome of Phase-I would set the stage for Phase-II application to advance Neupron to the IND stage and ultimately to clinical development. Since there are ~17,000 cases of SCI per year in the US, Neupron will be considered as an orphan drug. Our aims for this proposal are: Aim 1: Establish parameters for pilot-scale production of Neupron: a) Establish a scale-up process that is reproducible for production of Neupron under GLP conditions and b) Evaluate Neupron for initial assessment of its biocompatibility in rat SCI model. Milestones: At least three consecutive production batches showing less than 5% variation in physical and biological (catalytic) characteristics of Neupron and without any toxicity concern. Aim 2: Characterize Neupron produced under cGMP conditions: Nebraska Nanomedicine Production Plant is a contract laboratory with cGMP nanoparticle production capacity. Neupron prepared under cGMP condition will be tested for physical and biological properties to ensure successful transfer of the protocol developed under GLP conditions. Neupron will be evaluated for bioburden and endotoxin levels. Milestones: Neupron meets the FDA guidelines for parenteral products (2l CFR parts 210 and 211). Arrange Pre-IND meeting with the FDA.