This request is for funds to purchase a Brainsight Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Neuro- Navigation system that includes nonhuman primate (NHP) MRI coils, a precision robotic device for cranial and cortical implants, and neuro-navigation hardware and software. The brains of human and NHPs are highly complex 3-dimensional structures with extraordinary degrees of inter-subject variability. Currently, precise localization in NHP brains requires exhaustive neurophysiological and functional mapping. These mapping procedures require hard-won expertise and take months to adequately complete. This delay drastically slows the pace of research in the most valuable animal models for studying mental health disorders. To address the critical need for fast, precise, and reproducible positioning within large and complex brains, the Brainsight MRI Neuro-Navigation system combines high-resolution structural and functional MRIs with robotic placement of chambers, guides, and recording devices. During surgery, investigators will be able to position electrode recording devices, stimulation devices, and injection needles with sub-millimeter precision into any brain structure. During daily recording sessions, the Neuro-Navigation system’s visual display will show the real-time position of electrodes or devices relative to the MRI scan. The need for this instrument is demonstrated in this application with several NIMH-supported projects including investigations of decision making, high-throughput screening and creation of cell type-specific viral vectors, and research into how prefrontal microcircuits contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. All of these projects have extensive preliminary data demonstrating the need for high precision positioning of devices in the 3-diminsional brain, as well as the need for real-time feedback of electrode position during recording sessions. The instrument will be housed within the Center for Systems Neuroscience (SNC) at the University of Pittsburgh. The SNC is a specialized center for NHP research that houses five independent NHP research laboratories together on one floor. The mandate of the SNC is to perform cutting edge research into the neural circuits and systems that underlie sophisticated behaviors and that malfunction during psychiatric and neurological disease. SNC researchers have that have 3 currently funded NIMH grants, 2 upcoming NIMH grant proposals, and another 8 projects funded by other ICs. We currently have access to a 7T scanner in the building, and a 3T scanner at another university facility. These scanners provide adequate MRI scans for confirming normal brain anatomy and gross surgical planning. Successful integration of the Brainsight Neuro-Navigation System with our existing capabilities will enable fast and precise positioning of injection needles, optical fibers, and recording electrodes. Thus, the Brainsight MRI Neuro-Navigation System will directly benefit 13 current and upcoming NIH grants (...