# Brain Health Across the Metabolic Continuum in Youth at Risk for T2D

> **NIH NIH R01** · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · 2021 · $680,376

## Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a significant public health problem affecting ~30 million American. Obesity,
insulin resistance, insulin deficiency (β cell dysfunction) and dysglycemia all precede the diagnosis of T2D and
are known to promote inflammation and ultimately lead to microvascular complications. More recently, research
has identified brain-related complications in adult-onset T2D, including reduced regional brain structure and
function, impaired cognition, and increased lifetime risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Alarmingly, an increasing
number of children and adolescents are being diagnosed with T2D, likely due to the growing prevalence and
earlier onset of obesity. Youth-onset T2D appears to have a more aggressive course than adult-onset T2D, with
earlier onset and more rapid progression of microvascular complications. In addition, studies of youth with
obesity and youth-onset T2D have reported robust differences in regional brain structure and cognition,
suggesting that brain effects may follow the same aggressive course as the more typical vascular complications.
Unfortunately, little is known about the factors associated with poor brain structure and function in youth with
T2D. To address this critical gap in knowledge, we propose to study youth across the spectrum of body mass
index (BMI) and metabolic dysfunction. This approach will allow us to disentangle the relationship of key features
of T2D risk (e.g. obesity) with intermediary physiologic changes that pose a risk for the brain (e.g. insulin
resistance, inflammation, β-cell dysfunction and dysglycemia) that may lead to reduced brain structure and
function in T2D. We will determine which of these factors are most associated with differences in brain structure
and function among groups, over time, and how these effects differ from normal neurodevelopment. Given that
the disease occurs at a time when brains are undergoing dramatic developmental processes, the aggressive
nature of youth-onset T2D progression and complications in other organ systems, these results may provide
guidance and justification for longer follow-up, interventional or mechanistic studies and have important clinical
implications.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10294040
- **Project number:** 1R01DK126826-01A1
- **Recipient organization:** WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
- **Principal Investigator:** SILVA A ARSLANIAN
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2021
- **Award amount:** $680,376
- **Award type:** 1
- **Project period:** 2021-09-11 → 2026-06-30

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10294040

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10294040, Brain Health Across the Metabolic Continuum in Youth at Risk for T2D (1R01DK126826-01A1). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-26 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10294040. Licensed CC0.

---

*[NIH grants dataset](/datasets/nih-grants) · CC0 1.0*