# Component A: Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) Follow up Studies

> **NIH ALLCDC U01** · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · 2021 · $389,087

## Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting >1.5% of children in the United
States. Individuals with ASD experience deficits in social communication along with restricted interests or
repetitive behavior. The severity and patterns of symptoms can vary greatly and be lifelong in duration. It is
unclear how the presentation of ASD changes from early childhood into adolescence or adulthood. The causes
of ASD are also unknown, though substantial evidence supports the contribution of both genetic and
environmental factors. Major gaps in knowledge exist because US studies to date have lacked the sample
size, depth of data collection, or appropriate life course timing to address important questions. The Study to
Explore Early Development (SEED) is now poised to overcome these limitations. SEED is a large case-control
study of children ages 2-5 years and their families, implemented across eight states over three phases. SEED
collected detailed data on children's core ASD symptoms, cognitive status, and presence of co-occurring
conditions in early childhood, along with extensive risk factors related to maternal health and the perinatal
environment as well as genomics. The SEED sample includes ~2,044 children with ASD, 1,950 with non-ASD
developmental disabilities (DD), and 2,285 population control children (POP), making this the largest etiologic
study of ASD in the US. Recent ancillary studies - the SEED Teen Pilot and SEED COVID studies -- will soon
add data on adolescent health and the consequences of the pandemic, respectively, for some SEED
participants. The work proposed here, SEED Follow-up Studies (SEED FU), will maximize the impact of extant
SEED data through analyses that characterize ASD phenotypes and assess the potential interplay between
genetic and other risk factors. SEED FU will also facilitate new data collection in middle childhood,
adolescence and early adulthood to characterize changes in ASD phenotype across developmental stages,
and the associated health, educational, and service needs across the early life course. These data will further
enable prospective analyses of associations between early life factors and later childhood through early
adulthood outcomes. Studying risk factors in relation to life course phenotypic subgroups may also help
elucidate etiologies previously masked in ASD case-control studies. The WI SEED Team in combination with
the SEED Network's collaborative infrastructure and extensive extant data resources, will ensure the
successful implementation of the SEED FU Study in Wisconsin and contribute to success across the network.
SEED is well powered to make significant contributions to our understanding of the complex autism phenotype
and identifying factors associated with ASD risk in the population. The knowledge gained by SEED FU will
greatly advance our ability prevent adverse developmental outcomes and to support individuals with ASD and
their families to ensure optimal wellbei...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10300294
- **Project number:** 1U01DD001291-01
- **Recipient organization:** UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
- **Principal Investigator:** Maureen S Durkin
- **Activity code:** U01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** ALLCDC
- **Fiscal year:** 2021
- **Award amount:** $389,087
- **Award type:** 1
- **Project period:** 2021-07-01 → 2026-06-30

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10300294

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10300294, Component A: Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) Follow up Studies (1U01DD001291-01). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-22 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10300294. Licensed CC0.

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