2021 Physiology in Focus: The Role of Sex Hormones, Genetics and Gender in Physiology & Medicine Project Summary/Abstract The purpose of this proposal is to seek support for the virtual APS Conference entitled “Physiology in Focus: The Role of Sex Hormones, Genetics and Gender in Physiology & Medicine” scheduled for September 28 – October 1, 2021 and was last held in 2018. The objective of this conference is to gather a critical mass of expert clinical and basic researchers with interests in the role of sex hormones, sex chromosomes, and gender in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The conference will bring together nationally and internationally renowned scientists to exchange ideas, develop scientific relationships, and promote collaboration in a virtual platform. The meeting will have a strong emphasis on trainee involvement with activities at multiple levels, including designated trainee sessions and posters. The program will be organized into five distinct modules in biomedical sex differences research: neurophysiology, cardiovascular physiology and metabolic science, aging, gastrointestinal and renal physiology, and immunology. Ample time for poster sessions, workshops and planned activities will allow for in-depth discussions among trainees, young scientists and established investigators.