Project Summary The proposed program will provide support for postgraduate research training within the Department of Anesthesiology at McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Successful applicants will have committed to or be enrolled in postgraduate training specifically in anesthesiology. The candidate pool is largely derived from an established research residency track (Anesthesia Scholars Program). The program will provide for two trainees in the first year, and three trainees in subsequent years. Trainees will typically be attending anesthesiologists at the rank of Assistant Professor. Research opportunities are offered by twenty-one participating faculty members with proven records of success in the training of postdoctoral fellows, both within the Department of Anesthesiology as well as from nine collaborating departments, three in basic sciences: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, and the Medical Genetics division of Internal Medicine; and six clinical departments/divisions: Critical Care, Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Rheumatology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery. With the continued support from the Department of Anesthesiology following completion of training, this program will encourage independent physician-scientists to move along their career trajectories by implementing modern methods and techniques to help meet the research needs of the specialty of anesthesiology in the twenty first century.