The ability to collect high quality information about the status of the broad range of sexual and gender diverse populations has been hampered by the lack of consistent and reliable measures that are available to identify these populations in research and administrative data. This study brings together a multidisciplinary team of experts to develop clear guidelines outlining the guiding principles and best practices for collecting sexual orientation and gender identity information in research and non-research surveys, along with medical and other administrative records in order to improve the NIH’s ability to identify and address the specific needs of these populations