PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This administrative supplement proposes to examine stakeholder views on deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a potential therapy for treatment-resistant addiction. This proposal extends the neuroscience work being conducted by the NIDA Center for Neural Circuits in Addiction (1P30DA048742-01A1) to address a critical near- term translational barrier: whether neurotechnology therapies like DBS, which are part of the Center's novel, circuit-oriented translational efforts, raise social and ethical concerns among key stakeholders. Work funded by this supplement will develop a critical ethics evidence base for the Center and the field of addiction research. This study will focus on two aims. The first is to conduct qualitative interviews with participants in addiction treatment and recovery about DBS. The study will capture participant's experiences with addiction and explore the ethical dimensions of DBS as a future treatment for addiction. The second aim is to collect both qualitative and quantitative data on perceived social support in addiction. The NIDA Center for Neural Circuits in Addiction aims to have a real-world impact on addiction and addiction treatment, including developing novel treatment interventions, like DBS. This project will both conduct bioethics research to help inform the development of deep brain stimulation in the area of addiction and will develop bioethics capacity through involvement of a bioethics trainee in qualitative interviewing.