Project Summary/Abstract Cervical cancer disproportionately affects women who are low-income and never/underscreened (never screened or under screened). Women who are low-income have structural and intrapersonal barriers to screening that may prevent them from obtaining provider-based screening. Although HPV testing is now accepted by USPSTF guidelines, it is only endorsed for provider-collected sampling. Self-sampling for HPV testing, a method for women to collect their own cervico-vaginal sample, is a feasible and acceptable alternative to provider-based cervical cancer screening. HPV self-sampling is likely to be implemented as a screening option in the US in the future due to its comparable sensitivity to provider-collected HPV samples, acceptability, and potential to reach populations who are never/underscreeners. Self-sampling may overcome barriers to provider-based cervical cancer screening experienced by women who are low-income and never/underscreened and provide a convenient way to access screening. Studies testing mailed HPV kits, however, have demonstrated that 30-50% of women do not return a mailed HPV kit. Prior to widespread implementation, research is needed to identify characteristics of returners and non-returners of mailed HPV self-sampling kits. The purpose of this descriptive study is to identify factors associated with mailed return of HPV self-sampling kits using concepts from the Diffusion of Innovations Theory (advantages, compatibility, complexity, and self-efficacy) while controlling for sociodemographic, healthcare, and health behavior variables in a group of low-income and never/underscreened women. Data for this cross-sectional study will be collected at time of study consent from women (n=200) at a food pantry. Self-sampling kits will be mailed to the women’s home within one week of consent, and women will have 4 weeks to return the kit to be considered “returners”. The relationship between the data collected at baseline consent (attributes of innovation-advantages, compatibility, complexity, and self-efficacy) and return of the self-sampling kit via mail (y/n) will be analyzed. The results of this study will provide knowledge about factors associated with return of self-sampling kits to better understand the characteristics of returners and non-returners. Results of this project will help guide implementation of HPV self-sampling in populations who are low-income and never/underscreened whom self- sampling may most likely benefit. This study will provide a foundation for the applicant’s long-term goal of reducing morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer through increasing cervical cancer screening rates with an innovative technology, self-sampling for HPV testing. In addition, this application reflects a request for the Administrative Supplement for Childcare Costs for NRSA Individual Fellows NOT-ON-21-070.