PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The previous three cycles of the Dartmouth-Boston University-Muhimbili (DBM) Fogarty HIV training program have resulted in a multi-faceted research and training collaboration between Dartmouth, BU and Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS). It has produced landmark studies on the epidemiology of HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and HIV-related TB (HIV-TB), clinical features of adult and pediatric HIV-TB, vaccine trials to prevent HIV-TB, and nutritional supplementation for women with HIV-TB. Our current 5-year award culminated in MUHAS’ approval of a TB Research Institute (TRIM-TB), which is an HIV-TB research collaboration between the DBM Fogarty program, MUHAS and the Tanzanian National Programme on Tuberculosis and Leprosy (NTLP). Recognizing the benefits of TRIM-TB, MUHAS leadership endorsed the concept of a broader initiative, designated as the Infectious Disease Institute (IDI). The newly approved IDI will support research and training in all infectious diseases of importance in Tanzania, with an initial focus on HIV and TB. MUHAS, the NTLP and the National AIDS Control Program (NACP) have solicited the DBM Fogarty Program to provide the training needed to achieve the IDI’s goals. To that end, we propose: 1) Train IDI research faculty to conduct HIV and HIV/TB epidemiologic research and clinical trials 2) Establish a mentoring program through IDI to ensure junior faculty are supported and successful in performing research and obtaining independent research funding. 3) Expand the portfolio of funded collaborative HIV and HIV/TB research for MUHAS faculty/trainees. 4) Develop a program of research training for Tanzanian field scientists led by IDI faculty To develop the present proposal, we conducted a comprehensive needs assessment including: 1) discussions with key stakeholders/leadership at MUHAS, NTLP and NACP, 2) interviews with key MUHAS faculty, and 3) a survey of DBM Fogarty alumni. In response, we focused our program on training in epidemiology, biostatistics and clinical trials, developing strong Tanzanian mentors, expanding the research portfolio using NTLP and NACP data, and supporting the IDI to develop its permanent research training program. At the end of this proposed training program, 5 Tanzanian researchers will have graduated with PhD degrees in epidemiology and/or biostatistics, 1 with a Masters degree in Epidemiology, and 4 with Masters of Public Health degrees;; 18 will have completed short course training outside of Tanzania in epidemiology, biostatistics, TB/HIV/STD research methods;; and over 150 will have attended interactive, hands-on workshops in Dar es Salaam on HIV-TB clinical research, monitoring & evaluation, data analysis, and grant and manuscript writing. This training program will provide the expertise to establish IDI as the premiere self-sustaining research and training institute for HIV and TB in East Africa.