# Effectiveness of an Integrated Treatment to Address Smoking Cessation and Anxiety/Depression in People Living with HIV

> **NIH NIH R01** · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · 2021 · $9,742

## Abstract

Although the prevalence of smoking has declined over the past 50 years, large disparities in tobacco use
remain across several subgroups, particularly disadvantaged and health compromised populations. Smokers
living with HIV represent a major health disparity population in the United States (US) and the world more
generally, and their unique healthcare needs are not being adequately addressed. For people living with HIV,
smoking is related to poorer survival and among those who are adherent to their antiretroviral treatment
regimens, smoking reduces life expectancy more than HIV. Major contributing factors to the maintenance and
relapse of smoking among smokers living with HIV include increased exposure to multiple stressors associated
with HIV, which often exacerbates anxiety/depression. The proposed intervention is informed, in part, by the
success of our recently completed NIDA-funded R34 research project (R34DA031038) in which we specified
and tested in a small open trial, and then, a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) the feasibility, acceptability
and initial efficacy of a 9-session, cognitive- behavioral-based intervention (named QUIT) to address smoking
cessation by reducing anxiety and depression via specific emotional vulnerabilities (anxiety sensitivity, distress
tolerance, and anhedonia). This intervention was specifically adapted and designed for smokers living with
HIV. The results from this study revealed that, when compared to a brief enhanced treatment as usual control
intervention (ETAU), patients assigned to QUIT achieved higher short-term (end of treatment [EOT]: QUIT:
59% vs. ETAU: 9%) and long- term (6-month follow-up: QUIT: 46% vs. ETAU: 5%) abstinence rates.9 We now
propose to conduct a fully powered, 3-arm efficacy/effectiveness trial. We propose to enroll 180 smokers living
with HIV across three implementation sites [(1) Infectious Disease Clinic, Massachusetts General Hospital
(MGH), Boston, (2) Fenway Community Health, Boston, and (3) Thomas Street Health Center, Houston]. We
seek to test the efficacy/effectiveness of the QUIT intervention at increasing point prevalence abstinence
(primary outcome), by reducing anxiety and depression (secondary outcomes), and to determine if it
outperforms an active, credible time-matched control, and a standard-of-care (SOC) control. The integration of
resource utilization and cost-effectiveness analyses and the third SOC control arm support estimation of cost
and effectiveness. If successful, the intervention would be ready for translation studies to examine
implementation and dissemination into “real-world” health, mental health, and social service settings.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10400306
- **Project number:** 3R01DA047933-03S1
- **Recipient organization:** MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
- **Principal Investigator:** Conall Michael O'Cleirigh
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2021
- **Award amount:** $9,742
- **Award type:** 3
- **Project period:** 2021-05-15 → 2022-02-28

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10400306

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10400306, Effectiveness of an Integrated Treatment to Address Smoking Cessation and Anxiety/Depression in People Living with HIV (3R01DA047933-03S1). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-24 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10400306. Licensed CC0.

---

*[NIH grants dataset](/datasets/nih-grants) · CC0 1.0*