CORE D SUMMARY The unifying goal of this program project is to define the biological function of noncoding RNAs in gammaherpesvirus AIDS malignancies. Though in vitro experimentation remains a core component of scientific advancements, approaches using clinical samples and in vivo systems are absolutely essential for interrogating normal biological processes, defining critical determinants of pathology, and developing rational strategies to combat disease. The purpose of Core D (Clinical Sample and Tumorigenesis core) is to provide essential services for Projects 1, 2 and 3 that include clinical sample acquisition and storage (Aim 1); histological processing, clinical pathology scoring, RNAscope in situ hybridization, and GeoMx digital spatial profiling of clinical tumor samples (Aim 2); and in vivo experimentation using humanized mouse, xenograft mouse, and murine virus tumorigenesis systems (Aim 3). Thus, Core D will aid in the overall goal of the program by utilizing modern in vivo techniques and tumorigenesis models to define the biological relevance of virus and host noncoding RNAs identified in Projects 1, 2 and 3.