Chronic pain affects one third of the adult population and presents a massive societal and economic burden. Current treatment approaches typically include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that suffer from limited efficacy and opioids, which possess significant addiction liability. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify novel drug targets to facilitate the development of non-addictive analgesics to treat chronic pain. The endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) activates cannabinoid receptors while the related lipid palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) serves as an agonist at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Activation of cannabinoid receptors by AEA or PPARα receptors by PEA reduces pain, thus positioning modulation of AEA and PEA signaling as an attractive strategy for the development of analgesics. Our group recently identified fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) as an intracellular carrier for AEA and PEA, whose inhibition elevates AEA and PEA levels and produces analgesia. In addition to its expression in the brain, FABP5 is enriched in peripheral sensory neurons and macrophages, positioning it in cell populations that promote pain. Transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) is an ion channel expressed in peripheral sensory neurons that is essential for inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia and is implicated in diverse pain conditions in humans. Here, we will test the novel hypothesis that FABP5 inhibition potentiates AEA and PEA signaling in sensory neurons to suppress pain by attenuating the sensitization and upregulation of TRPV1 during inflammation. Specific Aim 1 will test the hypothesis that genetic deletion of FABP5 in sensory neurons unmasks analgesic effects mediated by AEA and PEA while its deletion in macrophages suppresses pain by attenuating the pro-inflammatory output of macrophages. To interrogate the mechanisms underlying these effects, Specific Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that TRPV1 sensitization, a process that amplifies inflammatory pain, is suppressed in mice lacking FABP5. We will further determine whether this effect is mediated by augmented AEA and PEA signaling in sensory neurons. Specific Aim 3 will test the hypothesis that FABP5 is essential for TRPV1 upregulation during chronic inflammation. Specifically, we will investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of TRPV1 upregulation by FABP5 in sensory neurons. If successful, the outcome of this work will advance our understanding of pain modulation by FABP5, AEA, and PEA, and will provide a foundation for the development of analgesics targeting FABP5.