PROJECT SUMMARY This Molecular Targets Training Program has evolved over its 40-year history at Johns Hopkins to meet workforce needs for scientifically trained medical oncology physicians who will translate increasingly technical knowledge in molecular biology to advances for cancer patients. The Program has had a continuous record of training leaders who have gone on to lead major research programs. The training faculty are highly accomplished, diverse in background and span research programs but singularly focused on timely fundamental and translational areas in molecular oncology. Among the 39 participating faculty included in this renewal application, one-fourth are past trainees of the Program, including one of its Program Directors. Ninety-two percent of those who have completed the program have transitioned to academic research positions, and nearly all have remained in those settings with continued career advancement. The Program boasts a highly competitive applicant pool and more than one-third are dual-degree MD/PhD trained. The T32 Training Program is two years and trainees acquire critical thinking skills through hands-on projects in a supportive mentored environment. Program requirements have continued to evolve encouraging innovation and flexibility but formalizing didactic requirements and expanding opportunities for inter-disciplinary work that foster training across laboratory-translational boundaries. Learning opportunities in new areas have been expanded to support training in computational biology and acquiring skillsets increasingly required for a competitive research career. Opportunities to support training in grantspersonship and professional development have also been integrated. A new leadership team has doubled efforts to enhance diversity recruitment with increased diversity of mentors, an enhanced recruitment plan that will support reaching new benchmarks of success in this area. This Training Program is poised to continue to excel in meeting its goals and filling workforce needs that will serve cancer patient interests.