Diabetes is one of our most costly diseases in both human and economic terms. The Joslin Diabetes Center T32 Training Program in Diabetes and Metabolism, now entering its 45th year, aims to attract outstanding young scientists into research on diabetes and metabolism, and train them in a vibrant, collaborative, and supportive environment in which they are exposed to the many facets of diabetes and its causes. The Joslin Diabetes Center, founded in 1898, is a collaborative and integrated organization that fosters cutting-edge research and outstanding diabetes care, and incorporates a strong research base and a busy clinic in a single facility. Its physical and academic infrastructure is greatly enhanced by Joslin having been supported as a Diabetes Research Center (DRC) since 1986. The rich training environment of this T32 Program derives not only from Joslin itself, but also from the many close ties and collaborations that Joslin has with Harvard Medical School and its affiliated hospitals. This T32 Program has trained many outstanding diabetes researchers, including four members of its current Training Faculty. Our former postdoctoral trainees from the last 15 years include 21 researchers appointed to the level of Assistant or Associate Professor, mostly at medical schools, and have been awarded numerous federal grants (including multiple R01 and other federal research awards training awards such as the K01 and F32 awards). Our pre- and post-doctoral trainees from the last 10 years have published 193 training-associated papers in the highest caliber basic and clinical journals. This application aims to build upon this excellence in training. Since 2009 the Joslin T32 program has been directed by T. Keith Blackwell, MD, PhD, an Associate Research Director at Joslin until recently when we have requested that Dr Laurie Goodyear assume this responsibility due to Dr Blackwell’s untimely passing. Our T32 program is supported by Executive, External Advisory, and Fellowship Selection Committees. Our Faculty cover a wide range of interests encompassing Types 1 and 2 diabetes, metabolism, and diabetic complications, and include basic, clinical, and translational scientists. Joslin-affiliated Adjunct Predoctoral trainers enhance our links with other Harvard affiliates. This application requests support for the same number of training positions as currently: five postdoctoral slots and two dedicated pediatric postdoctoral slots, each awarded for two years, three predoctoral slots awarded for three years each, and eight short-term slots for summer research. As currently, we will select MD, MD/PhD, and PhD trainees from Joslin research groups and endocrinology training programs at Harvard-affiliated hospitals, and predoctoral trainees primarily from Harvard PhD programs. The Program Plan includes many initiatives in education, enrichment, advising, and overall support of our trainees. These initiatives are designed to strengthen the training that we offer, br...