SUMMARY The goal of the Molecular Pathology and Immunology Core (Core 2) is to provide a centralized technical infrastructure, inclusive of materials and the technical expertise necessary to accomplish all tissue-based investigations including the collection of tissue samples, histopathological analysis, immune monitoring and maintenance of a centralized database. Core 2 will function as the main repository of patient specimens and will oversee specimen processing and histopathology. Collected tissue samples will be analyzed for P01 project specified tumor biomarkers and phenotyping of tumor immune infiltrates utilizing immunohistochemistry for tumor biomarkers and mass cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing for immune cell phenotyping. Two experienced lung pathologists and an expert immunologist will work closely with the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core 3 and the Administrative Core 1 to ensure coordinated procurement, archiving, and storage of human tissue samples (especially clinical trial specimens) and seamless integration of the data generated from tissue-based investigations, including from mouse models and clinical trials, into a secure, database for utilization and further analysis by Cores 1 and 3 and P01 projects. All tissue-based research will be performed with ethical research oversight from IRB and IACUC protocols. Continuous communication between the clinicians, scientists, research nurses, biostatisticians, bioinformaticians and pathologists together with established standardized operating procedures for all core activities will provide optimal tissue collection, processing, analysis, and data sharing for all projects.