Core C will continue to provide key animal models necessary for the studies of ERK signaling, miR 17-19 cluster biology, and matrix and mechanotransduction in arteriogenesis, and to facilitate evaluation and validation of discovery research carried out in the PPG projects. To this end, the Core has established 64 types of surgical animal models of human diseases. To meet the evolving needs of the program, we are introducing six mouse models including mouse hindlimb ischemia, stroke, Matrigel plug assay, skin wound healing, partial carotid ligation and cornea pocket assay. The Core is supported by 3 microsurgeons with extensive microsurgery techniques experience and 2 technologists with experiences in animal care and handling under the direction of Dr. Zhang. These standardized efforts will result in facilitating the translation of ideas from the bench to mice, and ultimately to humans.