# Scaffolding of brain operations: the role of beta oscillations in forming flexible neural ensembles

> **NIH NIH R01** · NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC · 2022 · $458,070

## Abstract

PROJECT SUMMARY
The brain constantly makes decisions based on perceptual input as well as internal signals,
quickly weighing and processing information, leading to goal-directed behavior. One key aspect
crucial to all these processes is communication: the transfer of information from one brain network
to the next. However, we are only beginning to understand how the brain accomplishes this. Here
we propose to study exactly this question. The overarching goal of this project is to elucidate how
the brain sets up the functional neural architecture involved in working memory and decision-
making. We argue that brain oscillations in the beta frequency band (15–30 Hz) play a critical role
in forming flexible neural ensembles. We propose a novel theoretical framework, delineating how
the beta rhythm flexibly sets up transient networks, linking neuronal circuits that are relevant to
current task demands, especially in terms of endogenous information processing (e.g., working
memory, decision-making). In this view, beta provides the scaffolding for information transfer,
routing information through the brain by temporarily connecting relevant nodes such that
exchange of information can take place. We propose that the beta rhythm briefly activates a neural
ensemble, allowing it to broadcast its message—encoded in (population) spike activity—such that
it can be efficiently and effectively received. To test this framework, we here aim to: 1) examine
the role of beta oscillations in dynamic neural ensemble formation and its relation to behavioral
performance, 2) identify the underlying circuit-level physiology of beta-mediated ensemble
formation, and 3) establish the generality of beta-mediated ensemble formation and identify non-
invasive biomarkers. We will use a combination of EEG recordings in healthy human subjects,
and intracranial electrophysiology and optogenetic neuromodulation in awake-behaving rodents.
Both human subjects and animals will perform a spatial working-memory paradigm, critically
allowing vertical integration across recording levels. Human subjects will additionally perform
working-memory tasks in different sensory modalities and at higher levels of abstraction to
guarantee generalizability of results, and to allow for identification of biomarkers to be used in
future patient studies. This approach is designed to answer core mechanistic questions: how are
local ensembles formed and how are these modulated? Critically, we will determine the effect of
these mechanisms on behavior. The project will provide fundamental insights that will set the
stage for further detailed investigations in healthy human subjects and patients with impaired beta
functioning and cognitive impairment, such as in Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10438896
- **Project number:** 5R01MH123679-03
- **Recipient organization:** NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
- **Principal Investigator:** Saskia Haegens
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2022
- **Award amount:** $458,070
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2020-09-01 → 2025-06-30

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10438896

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10438896, Scaffolding of brain operations: the role of beta oscillations in forming flexible neural ensembles (5R01MH123679-03). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-24 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10438896. Licensed CC0.

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