# Illuminating brain function during imitation in children with ASD with DOT

> **NIH NIH R21** · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · 2022 · $253,205

## Abstract

Project Summary / Abstract
The long-term goal of these studies is to advance high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) methods
for evaluating brain-behavior relationships in school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and
toddlers at risk for developing ASD while they imitate novel gross motor movements within a naturalistic setting.
We are submitting this application in response to FOA: PA-21-200, Research on Autism Spectrum Disorders. In
typical development, imitation is associated with the emergence of several behaviors crucial to normal social
interaction and communication, including joint attention, play initiation, social affiliation, and prosocial behaviors.
Indeed, patterns of impaired imitation, and visual-motor integration (VMI) more generally, have been observed
across a wide range of children with ASD, with imitation ability being associated with social-communicative skills
in ASD. A challenge in developing imitation as a phenotypic biomarker is the lack of understanding of the neural
mechanisms contributing to imitation deficits in ASD, and the variable results in the neuroimaging literature. The
mixed findings may be due to the significant limitations in assessing motor imitation in the functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning environment where there are severe restrictions on motion. This disconnect
between consistent behavioral differences in children with ASD and the variable neuroimaging literature
motivated the current proposal to use instead HD-DOT during motor imitation. HD-DOT provides a compelling
alternative that overcomes the significant ergonomic limitations of fMRI and silently images brain function with a
wearable cap in a naturalistic setting ideal for studies on gross motor movement and imitation in both school-
aged children and toddlers. The proposed program of research is highly innovative, transformative, and has the
potential to elucidate underlying mechanisms, inform clinical interventions, and improve outcome of ASD. As
such, this research is harmonious with the mission of NIMH: to transform the understanding and treatment of
mental illnesses through basic and clinical research, paving the way for prevention, recovery, and cure. Early
behavioral and educational interventions, starting at 18-48 months of age, improve outcomes in a subset of
patients. Neuroimaging methods have demonstrated sensitivity to neural signatures of ASD that may inform
diagnosis and track responses to interventions. Here we propose to forge new paths with a dual-armed study of
brain function directly underlying motor movement in school- and pre-school-aged children with ASD.
Specifically, we will measure neural signatures while participants perform naturalistic motor imitation and
movement observation. These data may provide markers to the specific aspects of impaired behavior observed
in ASD, namely affected social communication, receptive and expressive language, motor coordination
disruption, and even...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10452280
- **Project number:** 1R21MH127501-01A1
- **Recipient organization:** WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
- **Principal Investigator:** Adam Thomas Eggebrecht
- **Activity code:** R21 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2022
- **Award amount:** $253,205
- **Award type:** 1
- **Project period:** 2022-03-15 → 2024-02-29

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10452280

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10452280, Illuminating brain function during imitation in children with ASD with DOT (1R21MH127501-01A1). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-25 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10452280. Licensed CC0.

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