# Hydrogen sulfide toxicity to the cornea

> **NIH NIH R21** · UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA · 2022 · $194,495

## Abstract

ABSTRACT
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic gas, chemical weapon, environmental pollutant, and its intoxication is the
second most common cause of death in industrial states. The use of H2S by terrorists to harm innocent people
and cause mass causalities is an imminent threat as it can be prepared easily with common chemicals in a
home setting. In humans, H2S intoxication causes neurological, respiratory, cardiac, ocular complications, and
death. In the eye, H2S exposure causes corneal inflammation and fibrosis/opacity that leads to vision loss.
The lack of mechanistic understanding driving H2S toxicity in the cornea and unavailability of suitable human in
vitro and animal in vivo preclinical models are primary factors for lack of safe and efficacious therapies to
minimize and mitigate H2S toxicity in the cornea. The main goal of this proposal is to determine the molecular
mechanisms of H2S induced acute corneal toxicity and identify novel therapeutic targets to mitigate H2S toxicity
in the cornea using in vitro and in vivo models. Our central hypothesis is that H2S, on contact to the eye,
reacts with tears and generates highly reactive/toxic ions, compromises the mitochondrial function of the
corneal stromal fibroblasts, and causes oxidative stress and fibrosis/opacity in the cornea and finally, vision
loss. Two specific aims will test this. Aim-1 will define the dose- and time-dependent H2S toxicity to the cornea
in vivo using rabbits. Aim 2 will delineate molecular and cellular mechanisms of H2S-induced acute toxicity to
the cornea using the in vitro model of human corneal stromal fibroblasts and in vivo using rabbit corneas.
Various clinical eye exam and imaging tools, cellular and molecular techniques will be used to accomplish
these aims. The successful completion of the project will have a significant impact in the field as it fills gaps in
the molecular mechanisms and pathways and potential novel targets for the intervention of H2S induced
corneal damage and blindness. The long-range goal of this project is to develop an effective and safe medical
countermeasure to prevent/treat vision loss from H2S exposure.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10459289
- **Project number:** 5R21EY032742-02
- **Recipient organization:** UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA
- **Principal Investigator:** Rajiv Ravindra Mohan
- **Activity code:** R21 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2022
- **Award amount:** $194,495
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2021-08-01 → 2024-07-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10459289

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10459289, Hydrogen sulfide toxicity to the cornea (5R21EY032742-02). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-23 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10459289. Licensed CC0.

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