PROJECT ABSTRACT Adolescent alcohol and drug use (ADU) is a significant public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). About 41.6% of adolescents in SSA reported using at least one psychoactive agent, with alcohol being the most commonly used drug. Uganda, one of the poorest countries in SSA, has the second highest rate of per capita alcohol consumption in SSA (15.1 liters of pure alcohol vs regional average of 6.2 liters of pure alcohol) and over one third of Ugandan adolescents have used alcohol in their lifetime, 22.5 million are current drinkers, and over 50% engage in heavy episodic drinking. These estimates reach even greater magnitudes in the country’s fishing villages – a key HIV vulnerable population- where ADU is normative. A few studies have assessed ADU among AYLHIV, yet AYLHIV are at higher risk for ADU, and ADU impedes adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART), retention in care, and viral suppression. Several studies have examined the risk and resilience factors for ADU but few interventions targeting ADU have been tested in SSA. Only 10 ADU interventions have been evaluated in SSA and only a few have been successful. The majority have been implemented in school settings, which may exclude adolescents in fishing communities that have high rates of school dropout. Moreover, none has targeted risk factors such as poverty and mental health, which are rampant among AYLHIV and their families, undermine AYLHIV’s coping skills and resources, and have been associated with increased risk for ADU among adolescents. Family-based economic empowerment (FEE) interventions have the potential to prevent ADU among AYLHIV by reducing poverty and its associated mental health impacts, and also bolstering AYLHIV and their families’ resources to overcome the challenges associated with HIV. Given the lack of evidence-based culturally tailored interventions to prevent ADU in AYLHIV in low-income settings such as Uganda, this study proposes to: Aim 1a. Examine the prevalence and consequences of ADU in a sample of 200 AYLHIV (ages 15- 24) seen at six (6) HIV clinics located in the fishing communities of southwestern Uganda. ADU will be measured using self-report and biological data (i.e. urine). Aim 1b. Using a mixed methods approach, identify the multi- level (individual, interpersonal, community and structural) factors associated with ADU among AYLHIV. Aim 2: Using a subset of the sample, explore the feasibility and short-term effects of a FEE intervention on ADU among AYLHIV. Our intervention focuses on older adolescents and young adults in a high-risk environment (i.e. fishing communities) to elucidate the contextually relevant risk and resilience factors for ADU among AYLHIV undergoing social transitions. Additionally we innovatively target the most commonly occurring risk factors for ADU (i.e. poverty and mental health problems) through the FEE that includes provision of youth development savings accounts, financial literacy sessions and ADU ri...