# The Reduction of NLRX1 and Its Role in Pulmonary Aging

> **NIH NIH R56** · YALE UNIVERSITY · 2021 · $343,373

## Abstract

PROJECT SUMMARY
The expansion of the elderly population has profound implications for society. In medicine, chronic diseases
affect older adults disproportionately, rendering aging itself a root of disability, reduced quality of life and
increased health care costs. Biological aging of the pulmonary system (lung aging) is no exception. Lung aging
is associated with structural changes that lead to a progressive decline in function and is one of the major risk
factors of chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our knowledge of the
molecular mechanisms in lung aging, however, remains inadequate. Recent publications including ours highlight
the significance of NLRX1 as a regulator of innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation and tumorigenesis. We
demonstrated that a mitochondrial molecule, nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing
protein X1 (NLRX1), plays a critical role in COPD pathogenesis. Our recent studies revealed that NLRX1
decreases with age, mostly in pulmonary macrophages, in murine lungs. In addition, 24-month-old (mo) NLRX1
null mutant (-/-) mice manifested enhanced characteristics of functional and molecular alterations observed in
lung aging; these features included (a) decrease of NAD+/NADH ratio, (b) activation of mTOR signaling, (c)
increase of cellular senescence, (d) activation of inflammasomes signaling, and (e) enhancement of senile lung-
like alveolar remodeling, all of which were only modestly observed in lungs from wild type (WT) controls.
Intriguingly, the cells that contain the NLRX1 molecule with a modified c-terminal end revealed impairment of
NLRX1 function, hinting mechanistic insight at the molecular level. Moreover, in vivo treatment with rapamycin,
a known mTOR inhibitor, induced the expression of NLRX1, suggesting the existence of a feed-forward loop
wherein aging-associated mTOR activation may further suppress NLRX1 in vivo. This constellation of findings
led us to hypothesize that NLRX1 and mTOR signaling reciprocally regulate each other and the NLRX1-NAD+-
mTOR axis plays a critical role in lung aging in vivo. Specifically, the following aims are proposed: Aim #1. Define
the physiologic significance of the NLRX1-NAD+-mTOR axis contribution to lung aging in vivo. Aim #2. Elucidate
the underlying mechanism(s) by which mTOR signaling mediates a reciprocal regulation of NLRX1 expression.
Aim #3. Determine the functional significance of the c-terminal end of the NLRX1 molecule in the lung aging
process. Recently, it has been noted that many pivotal molecular features of aging biology are also found to
contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic lung disorders such as COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF),
for which advanced age is the most important risk factor. Thus, an enhanced understanding of the lung aging
process has paramount significance and may provide an opportunity for the development of novel therapeutics
for these major unmet medical needs. The ...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10490541
- **Project number:** 2R56AG053495-06
- **Recipient organization:** YALE UNIVERSITY
- **Principal Investigator:** Min-Jong Kang
- **Activity code:** R56 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2021
- **Award amount:** $343,373
- **Award type:** 2
- **Project period:** 2016-08-15 → 2022-08-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10490541

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10490541, The Reduction of NLRX1 and Its Role in Pulmonary Aging (2R56AG053495-06). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-24 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10490541. Licensed CC0.

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