Human-relevant complex in vitro modeling systems, often referred to as “tissue chips” are a rapidly developing area of technology that offer great promise for advancing the ability of the National Toxicology Program to be more predictive and responsive to regulators and other stakeholders. As a rapidly developing technology, it is difficult and inefficient for any one organization to gain sufficient experience with the technology to understand how to apply it most effectively. Partnership with other stakeholders and an academic center with the capability to evaluate the functionality and reproducibility of a portfolio of these systems via membership in a tissue chip consortium, allows us to efficiently advance our understanding of this technology and ability to apply it. The application of tissue chips, also termed organ-on-a-chip technologies, is consistent with Theme 1 Goal 6 of the NIEHS strategic plan: Advancing Environmental Health Sciences; Predictive Toxicology: Predictive toxicology remains a priority component of Environmental Health Sciences. This approach takes advantage of basic knowledge of biological pathways to build a set of targeted, human-relevant computational, in silico, in vitro, or animal tests to predict adverse effects of a chemical exposure. Predictive toxicology advances include organ-on-a-chip technologies and systems biology platforms, among others. The current platforms being developed include: kidney (proximal tubule and glomerulus), gut (caco-2 cells and human enteroids), lung (open and closed system chips), reproductive and developmental (ovary, placental barrier, feto-maternal interface), central nervous system/blood brain barrier, hematological, and cardiological. Key words: biotechnology, bioengineering, in vitro, organ systems, tissue chip technology, predictive toxicology, biological pathways, chemical exposure, human relevant, kidney, gut, lung, reproductive, brain, blood, heart, translational research.