It has been shown that the extracellular domain of human anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type II (AMHR2-ED) is a prototypic ‘retired’ tissue-specific protein that may serve as a vaccine target for primary immunoprevention of epithelial ovarian cancer. AMHR2 is a serine/threonine kinase receptor homologous to type II receptors of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is the cognate ligand of AMHR2-ED, and binding of AMH to AMHR2-ED signals cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death resulting in regression of the Müllerian ducts during male development and regulation of oocyte development, and control of ovarian reserve and fertility in adult females. In adult women, the longest AMHR2 transcript codes for a 573 amino acid protein expressed exclusively in the ovary and contains a 127 amino acid AMHR2-ED ligand-binding domain expressed exclusively in the human ovary along with a 26 amino acid transmembrane domain and a 403 amino acid cytoplasmic kinase domain (AMHR2-CD) both of which show extra-ovarian expression. The PREVENT program has chosen to support the development of protein and mRNA AMHR2-E2 vaccines to assess their efficacy in preclinical mouse models. In support of this project, PREVENT has initiated contract work with two specific aims.