Abstract The Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC) houses a Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) rhesus macaque colony of Indian origin (Ind RM), supported by the NIH SPF rhesus breeding program (U42OD010442). This colony of approximately 800 animals supports AIDS-related research both at SNPRC and through sales to AIDS investigators at other institutions. However, there is a major national shortage of research nonhuman primates (NHPs), and particularly of SPF Ind RM. This has severely impacted our ability to support the national research mission of HIV/AIDS as well as in the area of non-AIDS/other infectious diseases, AIDS co-infections, malaria, TB, COVID-19, etc. The NIH has recognized this need for expansion of SPF rhesus production and strongly recommends increasing Ind RM breeding capacity. The SNPRC is well positioned to expand its SPF Ind RM production as a center located in a climate hospitable to largely outdoor housing at an institution with capacity for expansion. Our host institution Texas Biomed has recently raised funds to build a large new NHP facility which could house ~ 800 NHPs. Texas Biomed/SNPRC also been funded by the NIH/ORIP to expand our production capacity by 40% over our existing capacity via a C06. Finally, through Texas Biomed support, we have procured ~ 150 conventional founder/breeder Ind RM (conventional). As such the SNPRC Ind RM population can increase to 1600-2000 in the next five years. However, we request specific support for this expansion to happen, including more personnel and consumables support in the next three-to-four years while our colony is growing, and additional caging. We will also have added behavioral, breeding colony and viral testing requirements. As part of this multiyear administrative supplement to the SNPRC base grant (P51OD011133-24, -25 and -26, PI, Schlesinger S, PD, Kaushal D), we propose to increase the size of the SNPRC SPF Ind RM colony from 800 in 2021 to 1600-2000 by the year 2026. These funds will be used to augment strong institutional support as part of the following specific aims.