MicroRNA-mediated control of immune responses and tolerance
Like transcription factors, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short regulatory non-coding RNAs known for their role in organ development, cellular differentiation, homeostasis, and function, have been extensively studied for their roles in controlling expression of different sets of genes that dictates the outcome of developmental transitions or cellular activation status of the immune cell populations. Previously, we have identified an important miRNA family, miR-23~27~24 clusters that play a diverse role in regulating the differentiation and function of multiple CD4+ helper T (Th) cell lineages as well as regulatory T (Treg) cells. Our work has shown that proper gene regulation by the miR-23~27~24 in CD4+ T cells is crucial to ensure the optimal balance between immunity and tolerance. Loss of miR-23~27~24 clusters in T cells resulted in dysregulated follicular helper (Tfh) cell responses when mice aged and severe Th2-driven airway inflammation upon challenges of different allergens. On