Scope of Work This administrative supplement will support Dr. Nkrumah Grant for a postdoctoral position in the Waters laboratory at Michigan State University. Dr. Grant will perform research to understand the function of novel Vibrio cholerae phage defense systems in their ecological context and explore if these systems can spread in bacteria populations through horizontal gene transfer. The research will expand the molecular biology skills of Dr. Grant, building upon his expertise in experimental evolution, to position him for his own future faculty position. While at MSU, Dr. Grant will be supported by Dr. Waters, his laboratory, and many mentoring and career development programs available to postdoctoral research fellows.