Abstract A major strength of the Translational Science Initiative (TSI) is conducting a collaborative study to establish and to validate NHP models for translational research, further improving the CPRC. The proposed project will enhance the knowledge generated in the current funding cycle. During the next funding period we will implement the project entitled “Comparative dynamics of the reproductive microbiome in SPF and conventional rhesus macaques through multi-omic approaches”. The microbiome shapes dynamic biological systems coordinated in full scale environments including eukaryotic hosts and are vital for animal's health. The microbiota comprises all the microorganisms in each body niche including Prokaryotes (Bacteria, Archaea), Eukaryotes (e.g., Protozoa or Fungi) as well as their microbial metabolites and responses that affect the host. The increase in non- communicable and chronic diseases in humans has been linked to urbanization and a reduction in sociability. Changes in diet, use of antibiotics, and exposure to environmental microbes are proposed to impact human health via the gut microbiome. We expect that changes in the microbiota among SPF and conventional macaques occur since birth, and that future management practices altering the newborn microbiome, could help in the development of stronger and resilient microbiome in these animals used in biomedical research. We aim to implement this project as the applied research component for our P40 application, to add value to the resource by creating, expanding and to advance new scientific knowledge with a translational potential. Also we propose the continuation of the Immunology Core as a complement research support to the proposed research project and to in-house and external scientists using the Resources funded by other NIH projects.